Strategies for the adoption of cloud computing as a technological model in MSMEs in the department of Santander

En Colombia sólo un 15% de las MIPYMES (Micros, pequeñas y medianas empresas) hacen uso de las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicaciones TIC, como herramienta de apoyo a sus procesos administrativos y operativos. En Santander más del 99% de las empresas son MIPYMES, por lo cual el bajo uso de las TIC en este tipo de empresas, impacta directamente en el desarrollo social y económico del Departamento. Como tendencia tecnológica, a nivel mundial, el uso de las TIC en modalidad de Computación en la Nube (Cloud Computing) es una alternativa para superar las barreras de la incorporación de tecnología en las MIPYMES e impactar positivamente en la productividad de estas empresas. El objetivo de la investigación fue caracterizar el uso actual de las TIC y el Cloud Computing en las MIPYMES del sector turismo de Santander, para determinar cuáles son las barreras en su adopción, y de esta manera proponer estrategias y alternativas para lograr una mayor incorporación de las TIC e incrementar su productividad. La investigación se realizó como tesis de la Maestría en Gestión, Administración y Desarrollo de Software, en el marco del convenio de becas de la Gobernación de Santander con la Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga UNAB. Como resultados de la investigación se obtuvo información detallada y actual sobre el uso de las TIC en este sector de las MIPYMES que permitió tener una radiografía de la situación y proponer alternativas para mejorar el nivel de madurez digital de estas empresasINTRODUCCION 8 1. DEFINICION DEL PROBLEMA Y JUSTIFICACION 10 1.1 DEFINICION DEL PROBLEMA 10 1.2 FORMULACIÓN 11 1.3 JUSTIFICACIÓN 12 2. OBJETIVOS 15 2.1 OBJETIVO GENERAL 15 2.2 OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS 15 3. MARCO REFERENCIAL 16 3.1 ESTADO DEL ARTE 16 3.2 MARCO TEÓRICO O CONCEPTUAL 20 3.2.1 LAS MIPYMES EN COLOMBIA. 20 3.2.2 LAS TIC Y LA PRODUCTIVIDAD DE LAS MIPYMES 21 3.2.3 COMPUTACIÓN EN LA NUBE 24 3.2.4 COMPUTACIÓN EN LA NUBE COMO ALTERNATIVA DE LAS MIPYMES 29 3.2.5 MODELO DE SOFTWARE COMO SERVICIO (SAAS) 30 3.2.6 PROGRAMAS DE APOYO AL USO DE LAS TIC EN LAS MIPYMES. 32 4. METODOLOGIA DE INVESTIGACION 34 4.1 PRODUCTOS ENTREGABLES 34 4.2 DESCRIPCION DE LA METODOLOGIA 35 4.3 POBLACION OBJETIVO Y MUESTRA 38 5. EQUIPO DE TRABAJO 41 6. PRESUPUESTO 42 7. CRONOGRAMA 43 8. RESULTADOS DE LA INVESTIGACION 44 8.1 INSTRUMENTO DE CARACTERIZACION 44 8.2 APLICACIÓN DE INSTRUMENTO DE CARACTERIZACION 47 8.3 ANALISIS DE DATOS 47 8.4 DEFINICION DE ESTRATEGIAS 68 8.4.1 CONTEXTO NACIONAL. 68 8.4.2 CONTEXTO DEPARTAMENTAL. 70 8.4.3 HOJA DE RUTA PARA LA INCORPORACIÓN DE CLOUD COMPUTING 70 8.4.4 PLAN DE ESTRATEGIAS 72 9. DISCUSION 78 10. CONCLUSIONES Y RECOMENDACIONES 81 11. TRABAJOS FUTUROS 85 BIBLIOGRAFÍA 86 ANEXOS 90MaestríaIn Colombia only 15% of the MSMEs (Micros, small and medium-sized companies) make use of ICT Information and Communications Technologies, as a tool to support their administrative and operational processes. In Santander, more than 99% of the companies are MSMEs, which is why the low use of ICTs in these types of companies has a direct impact on the social and economic development of the Department. As a technological trend, worldwide, the use of ICT in the Cloud Computing mode is an alternative to overcome the barriers of the incorporation of technology in MSMEs and positively impact the productivity of these companies. The objective of the research was to characterize the current use of ICT and Cloud Computing in the MSMEs of the Santander tourism sector, to determine what the barriers to their adoption are, and in this way propose strategies and alternatives to achieve a greater incorporation of ICT and increase their productivity. The research was carried out as a thesis of the Master's Degree in Software Management, Administration and Development, within the framework of the grant agreement of the Government of Santander with the Autonomous University of Bucaramanga UNAB. As results of the research, detailed and current information was obtained on the use of ICT in this sector of MSMEs that allowed to have an X-ray of the situation and propose alternatives to improve the level of digital maturity of these companie

Estimation of specific cutting energy in an S235 alloy for multi-directional ultrasonic vibration-assisted machining using the Finite Element Method

The objective of this work is to analyze the influence of the vibration-assisted turning process on the machinability of S235 carbon steel. During the experiments using this vibrational machining process, the vibrational amplitude and frequency of the cutting tool were adjusted to drive the tool tip in an elliptical or linear motion in the feed direction. Furthermore, a finite element analysis was deployed to investigate the mechanical response for different vibration-assisted cutting conditions. The results show how the specific cutting energy and the material’s machinability behave when using different operational cutting parameters, such as vibration frequency and tool tip motion in the x-axis, y-axis, and elliptical (x-y plane) motion. Then, the specific cutting energy and material’s machinability are compared with a conventional turning process, which helps to validate the finite element method (FEM) for the vibration-assisted process. As a result of the operating parameters used, the vibration-assisted machining process leads to a machinability improvement of up to 18% in S235 carbon steel. In particular, higher vibration frequencies were shown to increase the material’s machinability due to the specific cutting energy decrease. Therefore, the finite element method can be used to predict the vibration-assisted cutting and the specific cutting energy, based on predefined cutting parameters.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Análisis comparativo de costos de explotación de canteras de río y cerro para la base granular de la carretera Jayujayu – Calacota, Ilave 2021

En la presente investigación, se realizó un ANÁLISIS COMPARATIVO DE COSTOS DE EXPLOTACIÓN DE CANTERAS DE RÍO Y CERRO PARA LA BASE GRANULAR DE LA CARRETERA JAYUJAYU – CALACOTA, ILAVE 2021. Tiene como objetivo general determinar los costos de producción en la explotación de las canteras de río y cerro mediante la evaluación de los costos de producción de los agregados para la conformación de base granular de la carretera Jayu Jayu-Calacota. La metodología que se utilizará son los ensayos de laboratorio y el método analítico, ya que se explicará el comportamiento mecánico de la roca fracturada y la piedra chancada como también el análisis de costos de producción. En la investigación, se realizó la combinación de las canteras y por el método de análisis granulométrico por tamizado se determinó que se tiene dos propuestas que cumplen con los parámetros requeridos por el Ministerio de Transportes y Comunicaciones para bases granulares, siendo esta la combinación de Jinchupalla 40%+ Cangalli 30%+ Totorani 30% y la segunda propuesta de las canteras de Jinchupalla 40% + Cangalli 60%. Se realiza el análisis de costos para las dos propuestas teniendo un costo de S/993,471.73 y S/. 622,015.07, según el cronograma de actividades se ejecutarán en 66 y 43 días calendarios para la primera y segunda propuesta respectivamente. Con los estudios obtenidos, se concluye que la segunda propuesta es la más óptima, ya que cumple con lo establecido por el manual de carreteras; además, tiene menor costo de producción y se ejecutará en menor tiempo

Optimización del giro de cama del servicio de hospitalización pediátrica del Hospital César Uribe Piedrahita: factores asociados a la estancia hospitalaria prolongada.

El presente trabajo está direccionado a determinar los factores asociados a un giro de cama extenso del servicio de hospitalización pediátrica en Hospital Cesar Uribe Piedrahita, generando una estancia hospitalaria prolongada, el cual no permite el cumplimiento de la meta establecida para sus indicadores de calidad, conllevando un alto riesgo de infecciones intrahospitalarias, aumento en el índice de morbilidad y mortalidad, eventos adverso intrahospitalarios para los usuarios que demandan esta atención, como tambien un aumento en los costos directos de la prestación de este servicio. Una vez identificado el fenómeno a investigar, se puede analizar que el giro de cama prolongado en una institución hospitalaria tiene múltiples factores causales como son: actividades administrativas, socioculturales y de diagnóstico clínico, todas estas atribuidas a la falta de organización hospitalaria, el retraso en los procedimientos diagnósticos, terapéuticos y tambien la diligencia y compromiso responsable del personal asistencial que intervienen en el proceso de atención.EspecializaciónEspecialista En Gerencia De La Salu

Design and construction of tank-chassis and lifting structure for centrifugal pump HL260 M powered by a Diesel Engine

This article deals with the design, simulation and construction of a fuel storage tank-chassis and a lifting system coupled as a single unit to a Cummins QSK19 engine driven HL260m pump that can guarantee an operating autonomy of up to 12 continuous hours and can be transported to different locations by means of lifting systems. For the mechanical design the recommendations of the American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) and the application of the failure criteria for Von Mises ductile materials or Maximum Energy Distortion were used. For the dimensioning of the storage tank, the average consumption stipulated by the manufacturer was used and the simulations were performed with SolidWorks®. A functional and safe system that can be used in on-site applications was achieved

Fisiopatología del TEC Grave en UCI en Adultos y Niños

Severe traumatic brain injury (severe TBI) is a severe injury that affects both the skull and the brain as a result of a blunt impact or significant external force to the head. It can occur in a variety of situations, such as car accidents, falls from considerable heights, serious sports injuries, or assaults. This injury can have serious and long-lasting consequences for brain function and general health, which is why it is important to know its pathophysiology and its influence on mortality rates in both the pediatric population and adults.El traumatismo craneoencefálico grave (TCE grave) es una lesión severa que afecta tanto al cráneo como al cerebro como resultado de un impacto contundente o una fuerza externa significativa en la cabeza. Puede ocurrir en diversas situaciones, como accidentes automovilísticos, caídas desde alturas considerables, lesiones deportivas graves o agresiones. Esta lesión puede tener consecuencias serias y duraderas para la función cerebral y la salud general, por lo cual es importante conocer la fisiopatología de esta y su influencia en índices de mortalidad tanto en población pediátrica como en adultos

High incidence of clinical fragility fractures in postmenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis. A case-control study.

Objectives: To estimate the incidence of clinical fragility fractures in postmenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and analyze risk factors for fracture. Methods: Incidence of clinical fragility fractures in 330 postmenopausal women with RA was compared to that of a control population of 660 age-matched postmenopausal Spanish women. Clinical fractures during the previous five years were recorded. We analyzed associations with risk factors for fracture in both populations and with disease-related variables in RA patients. Results: Median age of RA patients was 64 years; median RA duration was eight years. Sixty-nine percent were in remission or on low activity. Eighty-five percent had received glucocorticoids (GCs); 85 %, methotrexate; and 40 %, ≥1 biologic DMARD. Fifty-four patients and 47 controls had ≥1 major osteoporotic fracture (MOF). Incidence of MOFs was 3.55 per 100 patient-year in patients and 0.72 in controls (HR: 2.6). Risk factors for MOFs in RA patients were age, previous fracture, parental hip fracture, years since menopause, BMD, erosions, disease activity and disability, and cumulative dose of GCs. Previous fracture in RA patients was a strong risk for MOFs (HR: 10.37). Conclusion: Of every 100 postmenopausal Spanish women with RA, 3-4 have a MOF per year. This is more than double that of the general population. A previous fracture poses a high risk for a new fracture. Other classic risk factors for fracture, RA disease activity and disability, and the cumulative dose of GCs are associated with fracture development

Informe Taller Pesquerias Artesanales y Recreativas

En el taller se han realizado más de 20 presentaciones acerca de los estudios sobre las pesquerías artesanales y recreativas en aguas de la ZEE de España. En base a ello y al conocimiento de los expertos reunidos se han definido dos planes de seguimiento para obtener la huella pesquera de las pesquerías profesionales sin VMS, uno con sistemas de seguimientos de localización en tres fases y otro con observadores a bordo y encuestas en puntos de primera venta en dos fases. En el caso de las actividades pesqueras no profesionales (recreativas) se ha propuesto un plan de seguimiento basado en encuestas telefónicas y presenciales en tres fases. Además se decidió incluir las actividades pelágicas y/o de superficie dentro de los programas de seguimiento

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London